Richard Wagner; 22 May 1813, Leipzig, Germany – 13 February 1883, Venice, Italy) was a German composer, conductor, theatre director and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or "music dramas", as they were later called). Unlike most other opera composers, Wagner wrote both the music and libretto for every one of his works. Wagner's compositions, particularly those of his later period, are notable for contrapuntal texture, rich chromaticism